Abstract

This study introduces a computational model for the automated analysis of astronomical data from the Hubble Space Telescope, based on a fluid-dynamic formulation of the intergalactic medium. The model enables the download, calibration, and processing of raw .flt data, extracting physical parameters such as energy fluxes, temperatures, dynamic stress indices, and systemic equilibrium states. A correlation between the dynamics of the intergalactic medium and the activity of central black holes is proposed, aiming to define an indicator of systemic stability. The application of the model to samples of known galaxies (M87, M51, NGC 4258) demonstrates the consistency of the extracted metrics with existing literature. The pipeline is open-source and replicable on cloud platforms, making astronomical data analysis accessible to a broad scientific community.

Abstract

Added to the advantages of the ternary logic application as opposed to binary logic, such as reducing the complexity of interconnects, and consistent with its application within the quantum computer and other technologies associated with the nanotechnology domain, reversible ternary circuit design is now being taken into consideration. This study sought to propose a new reversible 2-trit ternary parallel adder with a quantum cost of 23 and one constant input. When compared with the existing counterparts, the proposed circuit has lower quantum cost and constant inputs. Subsequently, the reversible ternary arithmetic circuit for six mathematical operations calculation of A+B, A-B, A+1, A-1, A+B+1 and A-B-1 for two 2-trit unsigned ternary numbers was proposed. In the proposed unsigned arithmetic circuit, two input numbers and the obtained results were coded in unsigned ternary representation ranging from 0 to 8. Next, the reversible ternary arithmetic circuit for two 2-trit signed ternary numbers with the quantum cost of 32 and one constant input was proposed. The proposed signed arithmetic circuit, similar to the proposed unsigned arithmetic, can be used to calculate six mathematical operations of A+B, A-B, A+1, A-1, A+B+1 and A-B-1; and in comparison with existing counterparts, it had lower quantum cost and constant inputs. In the proposed signed arithmetic circuit, two input numbers and the obtained results were in 3's complement representation ranging from -4 to +4. What follows is an introduced new module for detecting the overflow occurrence for signed numbers adding and subtracting calculations, and by adding it to the proposed reversible signed ternary arithmetic circuit, the overflow detection capability was provided for this circuit. All the proposed circuits were implemented using 1-qutrit shift gates and 2-qutrit MS gates which are primitive ternary gates in quantum computers and can be implemented in ion-trap technology.

Abstract

Following on from our previous works on cosmology, we propose a generalized metric, denoted G, applicable to the universe as a whole, treated as homogeneous and filled with matter at its average density. Using the weak-field approximation, the individual Schwarzschild terms M/r are extended to a continuous cosmological medium, yielding a global gravitational potential proportional to ρuRu², where ρu is the mean cosmic density and Ru the Hubble radius. The resulting metric can be interpreted through an effective cosmological refractive index of vacuum. For a critical homogeneous universe, this index is exactly 2. Taking into account large-scale inhomogeneities and the nonlinear dependence of the index on density increases its value, possibly up to about 2.4. As suggested in our previous works, a cosmological light speed reduced by a factor of about 2.4 relative to its local value c0 offers a unified explanation for several phenomena commonly attributed to dark matter and dark energy, etc.. Incorporating the gravitational potential generated by the total mass of the universe into the metric also provides a new perspective on Mach’s principle: inertia appears as a response to the influence of the universe as a whole. The equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass follows naturally in a critical universe, where the global potential is of order c0². In this framework, cosmic flatness emerges from an extended Machian relation rather than from inflation, opening the way to alternative cosmological models without dark matter or dark energy.

Abstract

The investigation began with a senior chemistry unit acquired in 2006 at the University of Sydney, “Metal Complexes – medicinal and materials”. We learned about the manner in which certain (transition) metal complexes interact with DNA, preventing it from replicating. We hypothesise that it would be possible to transport a metal complex through the membrane of a cancer cell, and not a healthy cell. One option would be that if there was any difference in the width of the membrane between cancer cell and healthy cell, we should investigate what electromagnetic processes could get a metal complex through the lipid membrane of a cell. And in saying that, what we are really saying is that we envisage an electromagnetic flux tube crossing the membrane, and that the metal complex will have to be converted from its atomic-molecular existence into a two-fold existence as a dual Maxwellian photon and simultaneously what we have called in our investigations a “weak-strong gauge boson”.